Obesity in adults Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Corpulence in grown-ups - Essay Example This is practically twofold the pace of corpulence in 1980 (Obesity Prevention Source, 2012). Terrible eating regimen and poor dietary patterns: When one uses an eating routine that is high in calories, needs leafy foods, and has a great deal of inexpensive food in it, s/he is flourish to put on weight and accordingly being stout (Mayoclinic.org, 2015). Clinical issues: Some ailments lead to weight for instance Prader-Willi condition and Cushing’s disorder. A few illnesses for instance joint inflammation can prompt diminished movement in the body accordingly causing weight gain (Mayoclinic.org, 2015). Stoutness can likewise prompt passionate enduring of the individual (Niddk.nih.gov, 2015). A physical appearance of an individual is exceptionally esteemed in today’s society. In this manner individuals are typically named being less alluring and this can negatively affect the individual. Additionally, as certain individuals see corpulent individuals as the individuals who do not have the resolution, these individuals face restricted open doors when searching for occupations, schools, and in social circumstances (Niddk.nih.gov, 2015). Niddk.nih.gov,. (2015). Understanding Adult Overweight and Obesity. Recovered 8 June 2015, from

How humans activities are altering biogeochemistry and cycling in the water cycles Essay

Men have been included into various exercises that are focused on the creation of significant merchandise and different items for his endurance. Through the business the various activity towards creation of merchandise and ventures, there are typically those results which maybe are discharged as waste to our condition in which we live. For the most part, any adjustment in the earth’s concoction creation would have a potential changes in the biota and even the climatic conditions. It is accepted that the structure of these squanders that are discharged to the different situations has principal effects of changing the regular earth science. The adjustment of earth’s science influences the patterns of nature like the water cycles which is without anyone else an indispensable piece of the biogeochemistry. Because of the high effects which may result from the compound progress of the earth, it is foremost that the human exercises are seen to known the strategies wherein humankind may add to these biogeochemistry changes. . (Hallock and Schlager, 1986) Agricultural sewage Man has consistently depended on agribusiness for his fulfillment of food prerequisite. The expansion in populace has prompted the strengthening and broad utilization of land. Because of the overpopulation, attack of desolate terrains has been endeavored to expand the physical land accessible for agrarian exercises. The act of the food and creature items in a large portion of these regions call the utilization of either water system strategies or utilization of soil advancing supplements. The majority of these substances which are utilized in the dirt advance are composts which are created from agrarian ventures. (Hallock and Schlager, 1986) The farming squanders are subsequently expected to contain hints of destroyed particles and particles of iron from the plant fabricate. Notwithstanding the existences of iron, other substance materials required for the creation of compound composts somewhat finds their way in the sewage squanders. This may incorporates certain compound, for example, magnesium. Iron and magnesium in the earth’s soil might be affected by the nearness of different particles inside the water and soils frameworks. The presentation of these polluting influences of iron and magnesium to the lakes extraordinarily influences the arrangement of the concoction particles in the lake water frameworks. These particles of iron and magnesium respond with other plenteous particles inside the water frameworks, for example, sulfate and nitrate shaping new mixes changing the substance structures (Back, 1979) In the earthbound land particularly in those regions water catchments, sulfates and nitrate particles assumes a significant job. They are accepted to partake in the control of the degree of these iron and magnesium. The exorbitant discharged of these iron and magnesium particles from farming squanders would ordinarily change the capacity of control of such particles causing them to amass to more elevated level where they to can be named as contaminations. The impact of iron and magnesium particles anyway different as their control level by the nitrate and sulfates particles of and furthermore rely upon the degree of profundity. This implies over the top arrival of these particles would likewise influence the nitrates and sulfate particles in the waters frameworks and soil. (Vollenweider, 1968) Addition of concoction manures Man’s movement of soil advancement to improve its fruitfulness level is another manners by which the substance arrangements of the earth have been changed. The vast majority of the cultivating lands have for long time been under development prompting consumption and diminishing of plant supplements. The utilization substance composts have consistently been of prime use to the relief of soil richness for high land efficiency. Using these compound, some have been too much utilized with the end goal that plant don't use them entirely. In most case they stay stuck the dirts were they spot with water accessible for it to be broken down. The sort of composts which exceptionally in utilized is the potassium and sodium nitrates and sulfates which can without much of a stretch be broken down. During high rainfalls that lead to flooding or the utilized of flood water system technique, these compound manures are spilled to the water frameworks at the encompassing spots thus there both a progressions of the substance sythesis in the earthbound land and in the amphibian frameworks. (Hallock and Schlager, 1986) The arrival of these concoction particles to the water sources like lakes is of central significance of the aquatics lives. For examples, the enhancement of the water condition with nitrate particles prompts fast growing and improvement of plant species. This fast development of the plant uproots the water volume by arriving at the development and deteriorating to add to water particulate issue. Through the procedure of eutrophication, there is expanded plant rot in this manner discharging gigantic amounts of carbon dioxide to the climates. (Bormann. furthermore, Likens, 1970) Sewage muck Sewage has a few material creations other than the disintegrated synthetic substances. A large portion of the physical materials are killed through the sewage treatment forms. Notwithstanding, the partition of the natural and inorganic materials encourages men to make compost or manure from the natural segments. Despite the fact that the materials are treated for safe taking care of by the individual as compost materials, these fertilizer prompts collection of the sewage slime. The gathering of the ooze specifically dumping site changes the dirts compound sythesis. These being for the most part natural materials, it implies that there high arrangement of carbon mixes which will be created in such refer to. Nonetheless, there are other synthetic compound which are created by the common deterioration particular nitrates and thusly exceptionally in the dirt substance structure. There deterioration of the materials in the slime discharges other concoction, for example, calcium particles which are convertible to the different carbonates mixes. While the nitrates would empower rapids development in plants, the existences of calcium particles in the dirts quickens the dissolving of the dirt stone. (Bormann. what's more, Likens, 1970) The expansion in soil disintegration makes the paces of soils disintegrations high. As soils disintegration rates expands, there is relative increment in the silting procedure of the water sources, for example, streams and lakes. This decline the water source profundity and thusly decrease of water volumes. The drawn out impacts of the silting procedure in that disposal of the waters bodies is probably going to happen. (Back, 1979) Conclusion Through the utilization of sewage stacking to the lake has high effect on the water source. This is on the grounds that there is a mass exchange of concoction substances legitimately and in a roundabout way to the framework. The acts of the sewage stacking to the lakes has the possibilities of upsetting the water biological system through the development of poisonous sprouts and the silting of the lake by disintegrations and rot procedure of the tremendous plants materials framed from overwhelming and fast gracefully of fundamental items. This shows condition of the lake is probably going to change and be involving plants as the significant vegetation and living thing. The expansion in CO2 gas because of plant rot procedures would cause a significant change in the ecological temperatures as this is a significant green gas contamination. Notwithstanding expanded CO2 gas discharge; there would be incredible decrease of the oxygen gracefully in the lakes because of plant spread over the water surface driving low help of amphibian life forms and creature (Vollenweider, 1968) Reference: Back, W. (1979), Geochemical hugeness of groundwater release and carbonate disintegration to the development of Caleta Xel Ha, Mexico, Quintana Roo Bormann, F. what's more, Likens, G. (1970), Nutrient Cycling Hallock, P. , and Schlager, W. (1986), Nutrient overabundance and the downfall of coral reefs and

What is FISA Here Are 4 Things to Know About the Controversial Spy Law

What is FISA Here Are 4 Things to Know About the Controversial Spy Law Surveillance has become a big issue in America and the world over the last two decades.Since the September 11 attacks of 2001, the US government has done its best to gather as much intelligence as it can about clandestine, foreign operations that may be a threat to national security.Surveillance, by its very definition, is highly intrusive. US citizens have the right to privacy, and this is protected by legislation.One of the most famous and controversial laws in charge of protecting such privacy is the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA).Set in 1978, it has over the years expanded its mandate as amendments were made to accommodate changing circumstances.Such amendments include the controversial Patriot Act which was passed in 2001, following the September 11 terrorist attacks.Another famous amendment is the USA Freedom Act, passed in 2015, in the wake of the damning 2013 Edward Snowden leaks.In 2001, amendments were inspired by external attacks. In 2015, amendments were ins pired by a public outrage after Edward Snowden’s Leaks revealed that the NSA was collecting Americans’ phone data in bulk.With such major concerns about data privacy, it stands to reason that any American would want to understand what FISA and the other such acts are all about.That’s a lot of information to wade through. To make your work easier, we decided to gather all the necessary information and present it in one easy-to-read article.WHAT IS FISA? FISA stands for Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. It is a US federal law which was passed in 1978, with the mandate of establishing the procedures to be taken in the event of physical or electronic surveillance, when collecting intelligence information about persons suspected of being foreign spies or being involved in terrorism.In May 18, 1977, Senator Ted Kennedy introduced the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, sponsoring the bill together with 8 other senators, and on 25 October 1978 President Jimmy Carter passed it into law.FISA came about as a result of investigations by the Senate Committees that questioned the legality of domestic intelligence agencies.This grew from two separate investigations by Sam Erwin and Frank Church into how President Richard Nixon’s used federal resources, including law enforcement agencies, to spy on activist and political groups.The intention of the act was to provide congressional and judicial oversight of the US government’s surveillance activities of foreign individuals or entities in the US, while still maintaining the necessary secrecy required to protect national security.4 THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT FISAFISCThe FISA law established and authorized the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC or FISA Court).FISC has the mandate of governing requests made for surveillance warrants against foreign secret agents and spies in the United States by intelligence agencies and federal law enforcement.These kinds of requests are most often made by the National Sec urity Agency (NSA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).The FISA law and its court were created based on the recommendations of the US Senate’s Church Committee. The FISA law has been amended several times since the September 11 terrorist attacks.The court was originally (from 1978 to 2009) housed on the sixth floor of the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building, but from 2009 onwards it relocated to the E. Barrett Prettyman United States Courthouse located in Washington, D.C.Compositions of the FISCAt its founding, the court consisted of seven federal district judges, all appointed by the US Chief Justice and each serving a term of seven years.A new judge was appointed each year. The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 increased the number from seven judges to eleven, requiring that at least three FISC judges live within twenty miles of the District of Columbia.A FISC judge cannot be appointed more than once.No judge can be appointed to the FISA court as well as the Court o f Review. In appointing the FISC judges, the Chief Justice does not seek confirmation or get oversight from the US congress.Critics have seen this as giving too much power to one person which can lead to bias.They feel that it creates a situation where the Chief Justice will appoint like-minded judges and consequently create a court that has no diversity.Operation of the CourtDue to the sensitivity of its work, the court has to uphold a high level of secrecy. It is a “secret court” and its hearings are closed to the public.Though the records of the court proceedings are kept, they are not available to the public.However there have been occasions where copies of some records have been availed to the public, but with classified information redacted.The classified nature of the court’s proceedings means that in most cases only lawyers licensed to practice in front of the US government can appear before the FISC.Furthermore, owing to the nature of the matters presented before this court hearings can take place at any time of the day, night, weekday, or weekend.For that reason, at least one FISC judge must be “on call” at all times.Criticisms Against the CourtSince the 2011 September 11 attacks, criticism for the FISC has grown.One of the main reasons for the criticism is the fact that the FISC sits ex parte.Only the judge and the government are present at the hearings.Furthermore, the court has been criticized for rejecting very few requests â€" critics of the court have called it a “rubber stamp”. FISA warrants approved, modified and rejected since act came into effect. Source: ZednetResponding to accusations of the court being a rubber stamp FISA Court president Reggie B. Walton said that the annual statistics Congress receives from the AG, and frequently cited in press reports to point out the court’s high approval rating, do not show the fact that a lot of these applications have to undergo alterations before the final submission.He said that some do not even get submitted after it has been indicated that a judge would not approve them.Walton further stated that due to the Court’s questions and demands, the government had revamped 24.4% of its requests in the period between July 1, 2013 and September 30, 2013.A 2003 Senate Judiciary Committee tasked with investigating the implementation failures of FISA concluded that while it was necessary to keep some individual FISA cases secret, this secrecy had been extended to even the most basic procedural and legal aspects of th e FISA that should not be secret.The committee concluded that this unnecessary secrecy caused deficiencies that made it difficult to properly investigate implementation of FISA.The committee advised that more information should be availed to the public or to congress â€" for instance, unclassified opinions and the operating rules of the FISA Court and the Court of Review.FISCRFISCR is the acronym for the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review. It is a US federal court with the mandate of reviewing denied applications for electronic surveillance warrants (known as FISA warrants). The FISCR, just like the FISC, was established by the FISA Act in 1978.It is composed of a panel of three judges. As is with the case with the FISC, request to the FISCR are only made by the federal government.Briefs may however be submitted by other parties in the role of amici curiae.As with the FISC, the records the proceedings are held in secret and the records kept classified.Copies of procee dings may be occasionally made public, but sensitive information has to be redacted. The government has the right to appeal the FISCR’s decisions to the Supreme Court.The FISA Act does not include any provision for review/appeal of a granted application, only a denial.The reason is because in both the FISC and the FISCR courts, the government is the only party before the court.The Court of Review consists of district or appellate federal judges, all appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States to serve seven-year terms.The terms are staged in such a way that there is always at least two years between consecutive appointments. Judges can only be appointed once to either the FISC or the FISCR.Notable CasesThe first time for the FISCR to be called into session was in 2002 in a case known as In re: Sealed Case No. 02-001.In this case, the FISC had granted a surveillance warrant, but with restrictions on how the warrant could be used.The FISC stated that any evidence collected b y the FBI under the warrant could not be used in criminal cases.When the matter came to the Court of Review, it ruled that the restrictions violated both FISA and the USA PATRIOT Act, that there was no constitutional requirement for the restrictions.On August 2008, in a heavily redacted opinion known as In re Directives [redacted text] Pursuant to Section 105B of the FISA, which was released on the fifteenth of January, 2009, the FISCR affirmed the constitutionality of the Protect America Act of 2007.FISA WARRANTSAn application for a surveillance warrant under FISA is made before one of the judges of the FISC. The FISC may allow amici curiae (third parties who submit briefs to the court).In case the Attorney General determines the situation is an emergency, he or she may authorize emergency employment of electronic surveillance prior to getting necessary authorization from the FISC.This is provided the AG or the AG’s designee notifies a FISC judge at the time of authorization and applies for a warrant the soonest possible â€" but within less than seven days of issuing authorization for the surveillance.If one FISC judge denies the application, the federal government is not permitted to make the same application to another FISC judge.It is, however, allowed to appeal to the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review. It is a rare event for such appeals to occur â€" the first one was in 2002, 24 years after the founding of the court.It is also highly rare for the FISC to turn down a FISA warrant request. In the 25 years between 1979 and 2004, the FISC granted 18,742 warrants but only rejected four. Of all the accepted requests, fewer than 200 required any modification before being approved.Almost all the modified requests were in 2003 and 2004. The four rejected ones all happened in 2003, and even then they were all partially granted after they were submitted for reconsideration.From 2004 to 2012, just eight years, The FISC granted 15,100 warrants and only rejected seven.AMENDMENTS TO THE FISA ACTThe FISA act has undergone a number of amendments. In 2001, FISA was amended by the USA PATRIOT Act.The main change was to include terrorism on behalf of groups not backed by a foreign government.In August 5, 2007, an overhaul of FISA known as the Protect America Act of 2007 was signed into law, expiring on February 17, 2008. In July 9, 2008, the US Congress passed the FISA Amendments Act of 2008.It added a new Title VII to the Act, which was supposed to expire at the end of 2012 but was extended to December 31, 2017 by Congress. In 2017, Congress passed a six-year extension of the FISA Amendments Act of 2017.The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001It is an Act of the US Congress and is commonly referred to as the “Patriot Act”.President George W. Bush signed it into law on October 26, 2001. The title “USA PATRIOT Act of 2001” is, in fact, an acronym, standing for: Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001”.It was a 23-year old Congressional staffer, Chris Kyle, who coined the acronym.The legislation came as a response to the September 11 attacks and the 2001 anthrax attacks. Congress passed the Patriot Act with the aim of strengthening National Security.In Title II of the Patriot Act, it made amendments to FISA. Title II is titled Enhanced Surveillance Procedures.It covers the surveillance of persons suspected of being terrorists, those who are suspected of computer fraud, and foreign agents engaging in clandestine activities.Many of the highly criticized, controversial aspects of the Patriot Act are in Title /II. Title II gives government agencies the liberty to gather “foreign intelligence information” not just from non-US citizens, but also US citizens.Title II also made changes to FISA, making this collection of foreign intelligence information the significant purpose of FISA-based surveillance. Previously, it had bee n the primary purpose.It is a subtle change in definition, with the intention of removing a legal “wall” that existed between criminal investigations and surveillance with the intention of collecting foreign intelligence.This legal wall often hampered investigations in cases where criminal and foreign surveillance had an overlap. The FISCR, however, found that the existence of this wall was a long-held misinterpretation by government agencies.It also removed statutory requirement that the government should prove a FISA surveillance target was a non-US citizen and agent of a foreign power.It did, however, require that investigations should not be undertaken on citizens carrying out First Amendment-protected activities.Furthermore Title II expanded the duration of FISA physical search and surveillance orders. Title II provided authorities with the liberty to share information gathered before a federal grand jury with other agencies. Title II also broadened the scope and availabili ty of surveillance and wiretapping orders.Several provisions of the Patriot Act have expired. Due to lack of Congressional approval, parts of the Act expired on June 1, 2015.However, on June 2, 2015, with the passing of the USA Freedom Act, these expired parts were restored and renewed through 2019.Protect America Act of 2007President George W. Bush signed the Protect America Act of 2007 into law on August 5, 2007.It is one of the controversial amendments to FISA.The Protect America Act removed the requirement that government should have a warrant to conduct surveillance of foreign secret agents “reasonably believed” to be outside the US.As a substitute for the warrant requirement, the bill allowed a system of National Security Agency internal controls.It also required that the FISA court should be notified of any warrantless surveillance not more than 72 hours after such surveillance was authorized.Furthermore the bill allowed the government to monitor Americans communicating w ith any foreign targets of a US terrorism investigation.Such surveillance could happen without requiring a court order or oversight, so long as it did not target a particular person “reasonably believed to be” in the US.In addition, the government did not need a FISA warrant to monitor any foreign-related communication, even if it involved a US location, either on the receiving or sending end. It also did not need a warrant to monitor foreign-foreign communications.While the FISA Amendments of 2008 repealed the Protect America Act, it reauthorized many of its provisions in Title VII of FISA.Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008The short title is FISA Amendments Act of 2008. It is a Congressional Act that amended FISA. This act is the legal basis for many surveillance programs revealed by famous whistleblower Edward Snowden in 2013.The FISA Amendments Act added a new Title VII to FISA. Title VII contained many provisions which were similar, though n ot identical, to the provisions of the Protect America Act of 2007. The latter had expired earlier in 2008.While the Title VII provisions were set to expire on December 31, 2012, the US Senate gave the FISA Amendments Act an extension of five years.On January 19, 2018, President Donald Trump signed the FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017 into law.This act has many controversial provisions.For instance, it gave telecommunication companies the immunity for cooperation with authorities. It released them from liabilities, so that no action can be brought against them in a court.Previously, warrantless surveillance, as introduced by the Protect America Act of 2007, could be undertaken for not more than 72 hours.The FISA Amendments Act extended that to 7 days, provided the FISC is given notice and an application and specific officials sign the emergency notification.The target of this warrantless surveillance must be an American located outside the country with probable cause that they are a foreign power’s agent.The Act also featured provisions that curtailed government power.For instance, prohibiting government from invoking war powers to supersede surveillance rules.It also prohibited the targeting of a foreigner with the intention of listening in on an American’s calls or e-mails without first getting court approval.USA FREEDOM Act of 2015The USA FREEDOM Act of 2015 is an acronym for Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015.This law was enacted on June 2, 2015. It restored, though in a modified form, several provisions contained in the Patriot Act. The Patriot Act had expired the previous day.This act introduced new limits on bulk collection of telecommunication metadata on citizens of the US by intelligence/ agencies such as the NSA. It also reauthorized roving wiretaps and the tracking of lone wolf terrorists.The act was originally inspired by the 2013 Edward Snowden leaks of classified NSA memos that described bulk data collection programs.After these disclosures, many members of Congress felt that restoring the trust of the public would need legislative changes.Supporters of the act stated that it was going to end bulk collection of Americans’ metadata by the NSA, terminate the secret laws created by the FISC, and introduce a “Special Advocate” who would represent the public and privacy matters.Opponents, on the other hand, pointed out that the act did, in fact, allow bulk collection of citizens’ metadata by phone companies.This data was accessible to the NSA.They also pointed out that the act does not address other laws which curtailed on the Fourth Amendment rights of Americans.WRAPPING UPThe FISA act was formulated with the aim of allowing the government to conduct surveillance on people it believed were a threat to national security.However, this act has always attracted a lot of controversy because of the potential for the act to be use d to justify surveillance of and collection of information from American citizens.While there is definitely so much more about the FISA than covered in this article, we hope that it has shed some more light on this law and helped you understand some of your rights regarding the act.

Kate Chopins The Awakening - 1176 Words

In Kate Chopin, â€Å"The Awakening†, longing for passion and freedom Edna Pontellier leaves the safety of her gilded cage, only to find that death is her only salvation. In the 1800’s the main role in society for a female was to be a wife and mother, women at this time were the property of their husbands and had little say in anything. Which for Edna was the opposite of what she wanted, she wanted to be free from these responsibilities and to live her own life. Although Edna is not a victim in the role society has chosen for her, she freely walked into her gilded cage and into the role of wife to Leonce Pontellier and mother to their children. The longer she stayed in her marriage, the more she realizes that the passion she needed was not†¦show more content†¦She is not bound to a husband and children, free to do as she pleases. Mademoiselle Reisz embodies everything Edna dreams of; her music inspires Edna to become passionate about her painting and her lif e. In the music, Edna feels the emotion she wants to put on canvas and thus begins her steps away from the gilded cage that has imprisoned her. As her passion comes to life in painting, so does the passion she feels for Robert, which causes Robert to leave the island and leave Edna. Edna’s passion for Robert does not waiver and she pines quietly for him in her heart. After that summer, the family returns to New Orleans and Edna decides to cancel all her social engagements and starts living for herself. During this time, Leonce is away for business and the children are away at their grandmother’s house, leaving Edna alone to her own devices. This gives her a great sense of freedom, she pursues her painting and then one fateful day decides to visit Mademoiselle Reisz. Edna discovers that Robert has been writing Mademoiselle Reisz often and Edna ask to read the letters. Reading the letter from Robert and finding out that he loves her, give Edna the strength to make her final move in the struggle for her freedom. She moves out of Leonce’s house and into a small house, she renames pigeon house. It is at pigeon house that Edna truly becomes freeShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening on Kate Chopins The Awakening1745 Words   |  7 Pages The time period of the 1880s that Kate Chopin lived in influenced her to write The Awakening, a very controversial book because of many new depictions of women introduced in the book. The Awakening is a book about a woman, Edna Pontellier. In the beginning, she is a happy woman with her husband and 2 kids vacationing at Grand Isle. While there, Edna realizes she is in love with Robert Lebrun and that she was just forced into an unloving/dissatisfying marriage with Mr. Pontellier. Robert howeverRead MoreKate Chopins The Awakening1767 Words   |  8 Pageswith experimentation and exploration, followed by personal acceptance, and finally, although not always, societal acceptance. Although we have come a long way on the path of acceptance of different sexual transgressions, the stories of Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, Tennessee Williams’ â€Å"Vieux Carre,† and Lyle Saxon’s â€Å"The Centaur Plays Croquet† show that this type of acceptance has not alwa ys been the case. Each story plays an integral role when looking at the steps on the path to societal acceptanceRead MoreKate Chopins The Awakening1871 Words   |  8 Pagesworshipping her children and submitting to her husband. Kate Chopins novel, The Awakening, encompasses the frustrations and the triumphs in a womans life as she attempts to cope with these strict cultural demands. Defying the stereotype of a mother-woman, Edna battles the pressures of 1899 that command her to be a subdued and devoted housewife. Although Ednas ultimate suicide is a waste of her struggles against an oppressive society, The Awakening supports and encourages feminism as a way for womenRead More Kate Chopin’s The Awakening Essay4153 Words   |  17 PagesKate Chopin’s The Awakening Kate Chopin’s The Awakening should be seen as depicting the discontentment that comes from self-gratification rather than the glorification of delighting in one’s fantasies. Chopin describes the central idea of one who is seeking to please her personal needs and desires and, in the process, neglects to notice how her actions affect others. The protagonist, Edna, is not able to find peace or happiness in the accepted daily life that a woman of her era and socialRead More Kate Chopins Awakening Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopins Awakening Kate Chopins depiction of â€Å"The Awakening† is realistic as she develops Edna Pontellier’s character from a socially and morally respectable individual to an individual that turns her back on everything closest to her as she births her new self-being. Edna Pontellier struggles between her subconscious and conscious thoughts as unusual feelings stir unfounded emotions and senses. Some of Chopin’s characters lend themselves in Edna’s â€Å"awakening†. Through examination of LeonceRead More Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopins The Awakening Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening expresses the difficulty of finding a woman’s place in society. Edna learns of new ideas such as freedom and independence while vacationing in Grand Isle. Faced with a choice to conform to society’s expectations or to obey personal desires for independence, Edna Pontellier realizes that either option will result in dissatisfaction. Thus, Edna’s awakening in Grand Isle leads to her suicide. Edna’s awakening occurs duringRead MoreEssay on Kate Chopins The Awakening1246 Words   |  5 PagesKate Chopins The Awakening In Kate Chopins, The Awakening, Edna Pontellier came in contact with many different people during a summer at Grand Isle. Some had little influence on her life while others had everything to do with the way she lived the rest of her life. The influences and actions of Robert Lebrun on Edna led to her realization that she could never get what she wanted, which in turn caused her to take her own life. In the Creole culture, outward affection and expressionRead More Kate Chopin’s The Awakening - The Feminist Awakening Essay2094 Words   |  9 PagesThe Feminist Awakening    Women’s rights have evolved over time; beginning with being homemakers and evolving to obtaining professions, acquiring an education, and gaining the right to vote. The movement that created all these revolutionary changes was called the feminist movement. The feminist movement occurred in the twentieth century. Many people are not aware of the purpose of the feminist movement. The movement was political and social and it sought to set up equality for women. Women’s groupsRead MoreFemale Empowerment in Kate Chopins The Awakening7915 Words   |  32 PagesHeinrich-Heine-Università ¤t Wintersemester 2010/11 Vertiefungsmodul Kurs: American Realism and Naturalism - Short Stories Seminarleiter: Georg Schiller Datum der Abgabe: 16.04.2011 Female Empowerment in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Awakening† Anjana Dhir BA Englisch KF, Geschichte NF 3. Semester Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. The FrenchRead More The Shocking Ideas of Kate Chopins The Awakening1864 Words   |  8 PagesIdeas of The Awakening Ideas that resist existing social boundaries commonly are rejected at first, because people don’t want to wake up from their reliable lives. Kate Chopin, however, believed that an awakening was in order, and she attempted to open the eyes of society through her novel The Awakening. The public’s reaction to Chopin’s novel was not one of acceptance. Too strong a drink for moral babies, and should be labeled ‘poison,’ was the how the Republic described Chopins work (Seyersted

The Role Of Gangs On The Criminal Justice System - 1587 Words

Brendan O’Callaghan 2/24/16 Juvenile Justice Gangs Assessed Juveniles’ participation in gangs is an ongoing issue continuing to face the Unites States of America’s criminal justice system in modern society. The first active gangs to appear within Western society were inscribed by a respected chronicler of crime in Britain 1873. Gangs first emerged into American society around 1783 as the American Revolution drew to a close. More serious street gangs, however, did not surface until the early part of the nineteenth century. Although gangs appear to specialize recruits at the ages of seventeen and eighteen years old, in some instances, gangs begin to mold future recruits at a younger age. The problem facilitate a rippling effect that can be felt throughout local communities, cities, and American society as a whole, affecting parts of society such as juvenile detention and correctional facilities (breeding grounds for recruitment), the economy, and parts of the local community. Activities perpetrated by juveniles in gangs stretches from drug trafficking and gun trafficking, which often results in physical violence (including murder, homicide, and drive by shootings), to less serious, more deviant offenses that are nonetheless viewed as problematic for the community. With the drastic influence and effect that gangs are having on juveniles, one may scrounge into hopelessness, fearful that there is no solution, when in fact the answer lies within all citizens throughout societyShow MoreRelatedAgency Role and Perspective Courts1346 Words   |  6 PagesAgency Role and Perspective: Courts CCJS 495 April 13, 2014 Introduction The Very Bad Bike Club has known to be a threat to not only the citizens but to the virtual criminal justice system. Furthermore, the Very Bad Bike Club has had a couple mistakes they made where law enforcement officers were able to catch them. 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Civic Engagement Free Essays

Civic Engagement and Political Awareness in the Youth of America Change is inevitable and the popular one hit wonder, Video Killed the Radio Star, echoes a nostalgic desire to appreciate the past. The simple, yet meaningful verse, â€Å"we can’t rewind we’ve gone too far,† drives home the notion that the past is in the past, and one can only move forward. The song directly relates to technological changes in music at that time period. We will write a custom essay sample on Civic Engagement or any similar topic only for you Order Now The lyrics give the impression radio will be replaced by visually stimulating music videos; however, the future has proved that radio has not been replaced; music has merely been enhanced by the continuous change of technological advancements. Political scientist and professor, Robert Putnam illustrates in his book, Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital, how one of the primary culprits in the decline of political awareness and civic engagement is the new media, for example, the Internet. Further studies suggest this is not necessarily the case. Video Killed the Radio Star mirrors the relentless argument of whether the mass media has hindered or assisted in political awareness and civic activity in adolescents and young adults. The radio made people famous, and even after music videos became popular, music was still streamed through a radio and continues to be used to this day. Studies have shown that civic engagement and political awareness has declined, at all age levels, and yet there is evidence that the mass media can have a positive effect on cultivating social capital, especially in the interest of young voters in America. The issue at hand is not mass media, but how mass media can be used as a means to stay informed on community issues and how it can create a sense of community. In the article, America’s Youth and Community Engagement: How Use of Mass Media is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22-Year-Olds, the authors begin by providing troubling evidence, â€Å"Voter turnout in congressional and presidential elections has dropped since 1960†¦ Americans are less involved in political activities ranging from signing petitions to attending rallies† (Pasek, Kenski, Romer, and Jamieson 115). Putnam compares the decline in civic engagement to the massive decline of bowling leagues; however, as bowling memberships are declining, the number of people bowling has increased. He explains the concept of a bonding capital and a bridging capital within the social capital as a whole. The theory of bonding and bridging can also be described in terms of strong ties and weak ties of networking. Professors Homero Gil de Zuniga and Sebastian Valenzuela explored Putnam’s research further in their article, The Mediating Path to a Stronger Citizenship: Online and Offline Networks, Weak Ties and Civic Engagement, finding it inclusive that bridging, or associating with weak ties provide one with a greater networking base, and therefore more information and resources. Bridging and weak ties are when an individual socializes with people who are different from themselves. Bonding and strong ties are individuals who are linked to each other on varying levels of intimacy; for example, one’s inner circle of friends and family. Putnam additionally points out that bonding and bridging strengthen each other. Because of the decline of bonding, there is a decline in bridging, which he links to the drop of organizational forms of capital due to the mass media. Like Putnam, authors Zuniga and Valenzuela agree that â€Å"larger networks foster civic participation so long as they provide access to weak ties,† yet they take into consideration that the internet is vast with diversity and is not â€Å"geographically bounded,† and therefore â€Å"argue that the online context should be more strongly associated with weak-tie communication than the offline context† (405). According to Zuniga and Valenzuela, this connection shows that internet based networks and weak ties will be more effective than the relationship between personal, offline networking and weak ties. The authors mentioned earlier, Josh Pasek, Kate Kenski, Daniel Romer, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson conducted a telephone survey to assess â€Å"12 different uses of mass media as well as awareness of current national politics and time spent in civic activities† in respect to the youth and how mass media is related to political awareness and civic activity (115). If the conclusion made by Zuniga and Valenzuela is accurate, then the new media will have a positive effect on the younger population’s role in developing social capital. Historically, when print media flourished, it served as a way to stay in touch with the community of readers with no face-to-face interaction and â€Å"made possible the development of the modern nation state† (117). Internet is just another mechanism to build social networks, in which interpersonal communication is absent, like the newspaper. However, unlike the newspaper, internet provides individuals with an extensive opportunity to network with people who are not in their inner circle, thus weak ties are created. Furthermore, Pasek, Kenski, Romer, and Jamieson examine how some forms of media are more effective than others, and explain how media that solely exists to entertain adolescents and young adults can aid in promoting group activities with individuals that can share their experiences and develop a sense of community. They are still experiencing social participation, even if the activity is not directly associated with civic activities. The authors evaluated the 12 different uses of mass media and assessed each media variable based on if it improved political awareness or civic engagement, or both. The researchers also included demographic predictors that would correspond with the study: age, race, gender, and socioeconomic status. It is apparent that adults would have a higher amount of political knowledge. â€Å"The average education level in our sample was 10. years of schooling†¦ Of respondents, 78. 9 percent were currently students,† which would give them the edge since there are more opportunities to become involved in community service activities and clubs the schools have to offer. Some schools require community service to graduate. Socioeconomic status also plays a role in political awareness and civic engagement. This correlates directly to the fact that individuals who are w ealthier have the resources and means to educate their children and are probably highly educated as well. Race and gender is yet another factor in evaluating political knowledge and civic engagement, whereas â€Å"whites appear more politically aware than Blacks, Hispanics, and other non-Whites†¦ however, race has not been as strongly related in one direction or the other [in regards to civic engagement, and]†¦ women, on average, belong to more associations and organizations than men but tend to exhibit less political knowledge† (123). The results of How Use of Mass Media is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22- Year-Olds, revealed that if media usage increased in frequency, it had a negative impact on political awareness and civic engagement, which is to be expected. Although reading remained positive, the results showed individuals took longer to develop a well-rounded political knowledge base if their reading increased. This is the cause of a decrease in active engagement with others. The authors could not predict if newspapers increased civic activity, however, it was evident that it increased political awareness. Civic activity was strongly related to political awareness, and the findings also concluded that the Internet increased civic engagement, along with listening to news on the radio, following shows on television, and reading magazines. Not only were civic activities found to be directly related to political awareness, but the media had an overall positive effect on civic engagement and political knowledge. In his research, Putnam fails to assess new ways to approach civic engagement and political awareness, and instead looks to the old. Relating civic engagement to the decline of bowling leagues seems futile to the reader, especially to a young adult. As society changes, activities change; people change. The youth of today are more interested in modern technology, which is why more candidates should reevaluate how they approach the younger generation in regards to the elections and make use of the Internet during elections. Because young voters are growing up in a time when technology is usually readily available to them, they look mostly to the web for political information. Youth turnout for the 2004 elections showed â€Å"marked increases. † Most likely prompted by the war in Iraq, intense efforts were made to ensure younger generations were actively engaged throughout the campaigns. New media tools were also used, with websites put up that focused on attracting the younger population to politics; â€Å"an estimated 28 percent of 18- 29-year-olds received most of their information about the campaigns via the Internet in 2004, making them the age group most reliant on new media for political information about the election† (Xenos and Bennett 444). However, in the article The Disconnection in Online Politics, Michael Xenos and W. Lance Bennett stress the fact that although younger voters are participating online, they are less likely to visit a site that is sponsored by a specific party or electoral candidate. Unfortunately, politicians are very slow when adapting to the modern world of technology, and do not make use of the web to attract young voters. On sites like Rock the Vote, they give young voters access to interactive features, and yet links to websites with related political information and resources are not easily accessible. Young voters only attain a morsel of information from youth engagement websites. Between 2002 and 2004, Xenos and Bennett conducted an extensive analysis of political sites that focused on youth involvement, as well as electoral sites, and they found the â€Å"overall pattern is one of overlap† (456). The candidates’ websites were not designed to attract young voters. They merely addressed the same issues on their sites as seen on the youth sites; however, on the electoral sites they clearly were not reaching out to the younger population of voters. Professional consultants correlate politicians’ indifference to youth voters because senior citizens have a higher voting rate. Xenos and Bennett express their disappointment, â€Å"younger voters who ignore politicians largely do so because politicians largely ignore them† (457). It is ironic because voters are less involved in politics due to politicians’ lack of interest in their appeals, and politicians show disregard for the youth because of their low voting turnout and vice versa. If politicians, our leaders, are putting the youth aside, who is going to devote the time to inform the younger generation of the importance on civic activities and political awareness? In correlation with the decline of adult involvement in social participation and volunteering, people simply do not have the time or energy to devote to their own needs, let alone join a civic organization. In today’s society, both parents work to make ends meet. There are usually a higher percentage of female volunteers to male volunteers, but now that women are taking on raising children, housework, and working an additional 15 hours per week than men, the idea of becoming involved in community activities is overwhelming. The economy is in a stale state, and since the 1970s, the percentage of single mothers has increased dramatically (Freedman 246). Children are being isolated more often than not, which can also result in the disregard for community and civic engagement. Mentoring programs are unreliable, and many adolescents and young adults are left in the dark without an adult role model: â€Å"In his essay â€Å"Building Community, John Gardner [Miriam and Peter Haas Centennial Professor at Stanford Business School] offers both consolation and wisdom about the historical process of community erosion and renewal†¦ â€Å"disintegration of human communities is as old as human history†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"We can’t know all the forms community will take, but we know the values and the kinds of supporting structures we want to preserve. We are a community building species. We might become remarkably ingenious at creating new forms of community for a swiftly changing world. †Ã¢â‚¬  (Freedman 248) Robert Putnam insists on looking to the old, and if he must, he should look at the potential of civic renewal in the volunteering of senior citizens. Over the past thirty years, the population of Americans over the age of 65 has doubled and will continue to increase. Marc Freedman, the author of the article, Towards Civic Renewal, Journal of Gerontological Social Work, expresses his faith in the nation’s retirees to change the deterioration of volunteerism in the U. S. , where children are in need of the most help. If children at an earlier age gained better insight into what it means to have a sense of community and belonging, they would have a better awareness of civic engagement and a broader knowledge base of politics on the state, local, and national level. Senior citizens also have the time, and there is evidence that implies older adults are looking to stay active in their communities; â€Å"As one recent U. S Administration on Aging-sponsored survey reveals, a full 37. percent of older Americans say they would volunteer if asked, while an additional 25. 6 percent already volunteering indicate that they would like to devote more time to service,† and they prefer to work with the younger generation (Freedman 249). Not only will it help the children, but it will also help the senior citizens. 55 percent of seniors feel a sense of uselessness when they retire†¦ a 25-yr National Institute of Mental Health study finds, for example, that â€Å"highly organized activity is the single strongest predictor, other than not smoking, of longevity and vitality† (Freedman 250). The local and federal government is known for lost proposals. Perhaps some of them would have been successfully planned out and put into action if accepted, and Freedman makes the idea of senior involvement seem feasible. Freedman provides the reader with examples of effective programs in community involvement created by the older population; one example is a â€Å"union-sponsored initiative that helps nonviolent juvenile offenders find and keep blue-collar jobs. Freedman goes onto explain to doubtful readers that are thinking, where is this money going to come from? America’s budget is steadily falling into a rabbit hole, and yet the author is confident in the â€Å"†talent, experience and commitment† of older adults,† and their ability to organize well and get tasks completed quickly and effectively (252). Civic engagement and political awareness is declining because of the absence of an inspiring role model in the youth of today, and this program shows r omise of creating a healthier sense of community for the older and the younger generations. Reiterating authors’, Homero Gil de Zuniga and SebastianValenzuela’s earlier consensus, the decline in civic engagement is not the consequence of the mass media and modern age of technology. The importance of weak ties through the Internet is actually seen through the web of networking that people from all over the world create, which ignites a stronger relationship in civic participation than networking face-to-face with weak ties. This finding was reinforced by the study on various media uses in the article; How Use of Mass Media is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22- Year-Olds, where the end result is conclusive with Zuniga and Valenzuela’s evidence. The media can enhance civic engagement and political awareness if used sparingly and in the right context. â€Å"The mind is a double edged sword. It has immense power and it is capable of accomplishing both useful and destructive feats. † (Atharva Veda http://thinkexist. com/quotes/atharva_veda/). It is not the media that is destructive. The minds of the populace are ignoring the real issue at hand. The mind could be used more effectively in developing new ideas to encourage civic engagement and political awareness in the younger population. The media actually promotes civic participation and therefore is directly related to political awareness; overall the media has a positive effect on social capital. It is the communities’ job to instill these values on the children so they can grow into informed adults and have their own opinions and ideas, passing those values onto their children and so on. Bibliography Freedom, Mark. â€Å"Towards Civic Renewal. † Journal of Gerontological Social Work 28. 3 (1997): 243-63. EBSCOhost. The Haworth Press, Inc. , 11 Oct. 2008. Web. 1 Oct. 2011. http://www. tandfonline. com/doi/abs/10. 1300/J083v28n03_08. Pasek, Josh, Kate Kenski, Daniel Romer, and Kathleen H. Jamieson. â€Å"America’s Youth andCommunity Engagement: How Use of Mass Media Is Related to Civic Activity andPolitical Awareness in 14- to 22-Year-Olds | DeepDyve. † DeepDyve – Millions ofArticles At Your Fingertips. Sage, 27 How to cite Civic Engagement, Essay examples

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Introduction Marketing is a very significant exercise for any company to excel. Globalization has enhanced interconnectivity of markets consequently stiffening competition among various companies dealing with similar goods.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sony-Ericsson’s Marketing Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The increased competition has resulted to corporate bodies striving to engage in aggressive marketing of their products. Desperate to increase sales many companies have to use what may be views as unethical when carrying out the product promotion. Successful marketing will definitely lead to corporate success but what happens when such is revealed to be unethical? In this article I try to discuss marketing ethics entails and by picking a case study (Sony Erickson) I will show how by how stealth marketing has been used in an ethical manner. This article will show what ethical standa rds were violated, what happened and the consequences of such in the short and long term. Technically this article seeks to show whether there is any connection between marketing and corporate success. Marketing Ethics According to the American Marketing Association (AMA), marketers, in the course of their business, should â€Å"not harm, foster trust and embrace ethical values† (AMA 1). The association advocates for its partners to avoid any action which may be deemed harmful to the subjects. Marketers should ensure that their actions do not result to people distrusting the marketing system and upholding ethics in the course of marketing. AMA has pointed out the following to the ethical values which ought to be upheld in the course of undertaking marketing: â€Å"honesty, responsibility, fairness, respect, transparency and citizenship† (AMA 1). A brief overview of the above ethical values is significant for analyzing our case study in section 2.1 below. Honesty: in re gard to this value, marketers ought to be â€Å"forthright in dealings with customers and stakeholders† (AMA 1). It is important to note that stakeholder include all those who have an interest, directly or indirectly, in whatever is being marketed.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Responsibility: this will entail owning up the effect of the marketing choices that marketers engage in. Fairness: marketers should strike a state of balance between â€Å"the needs of the buyer with the interests of the seller (AMA 1). AMA has categorically stated that its members should strive to achieve the: Represent products in a clear way in selling, advertising and other forms of communication; this includes the avoidance of false, misleading and deceptive promotion. Reject manipulations and sales tactics that harm customer trust. Refuse to engage in price fixing, predatory p ricing, price gouging or â€Å"bait-and-switch† tactics. Avoid knowing participation in conflicts of interest. Seek to protect the private information of customers, employees and partners. (AMA 1) Transparency: AMA aims at ensuring that marketers are frank in the course of their duties. Among others, AMA strives to ensure that marketers â€Å"disclose list prices and terms of financing as well as available price deals and adjustments† (AMA 1). Citizenship: in upholding citizenship marketed are expected â€Å"to fulfill the economic, legal, philanthropic and societal responsibilities that serve stakeholders† (AMA 1). Case Study The following case is an example where stealth marketing is used. By analyzing the example it will be shown weather the marketing strategy was used ethical or not. In late July of 2002, the Sony-Ericsson Corporation hired 60 actors to travel to various cities across the country posing as tourists and ask people passing by to take their pic ture with the company’s latest and greatest creation: the camera phone. Sony-Ericsson did not set up any promotional materials at the sites, and the actors were instructed not to introduce themselves as representatives of the company.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sony-Ericsson’s Marketing Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Instead, the company wanted the entire situation to feel â€Å"natural† as the stunt was designed to make consumers feel like they had â€Å"stumbled† onto a hot new product. It is unclear how successful the campaign was, but the â€Å"fake tourists† did reach a large number of people, and the stunt received national media attention. (Weisberg, Pfleiger and Friedberg 1) Stealth marketing per se has been viewed to be controversial. It has been argued that people have started paying less attention to all kind of product promotions and therefore the need to come up with a different means of product promotion (Kelly and Craig 1). Weisberg, Pfleiger and Friedberg have noted that â€Å"the main objective of stealth marketing is to get the right people talking about the product or service without it appearing to be company-sponsored† (Weisberg, Pfleiger and Friedberg 2), they further simply view this as â€Å"getting influential people excited enough about a product that they will use and discuss that product with others† (Weisberg, Pfleiger and Friedberg 2). It has been noted that in cases where stealth marketing is used: the marketers make an attempt not to disclose the connection they have with the product company thus making people being unaware that it is actually a marketing exercise resulting to people paying full attention to the exercise (Dacko 497). Case Study Analysis Sony-Ericsson used what is commonly referred to as stealth marketing. Stealth marketing has drawn sharp criticism from different scholar s. It has been argued that stealth marketing is deceptive in nature: Professor Roy Langer was quoted referring to stealth marketing as â€Å"attempts to catch people at their most vulnerable by identifying the weak spot in their defensive shields† (Weisberg, Pfleiger and Friedberg 7). The use of stealth marketing as seen above in the case study goes against a number of marketing ethical values. Transparency: stealth marketing as was used in the case of Sony-Ericsson lacked transparency. As AMA claimed, as noted in section 2.0 above, there is a need for a marketing exercise to disclose all relevant information about a marketing campaign. Sony-Erickson had set out on a marketing campaign and yet the campaigners never introduced themselves as such. Lack of transparency and honesty did not uphold the fostering of trust and the marketers acted in a manner that definitely could not instill confidence in the marketing system. Causing harm: the people who interacted with the marketer s in the above case study at the end of the day knew that they were being used without their knowledge.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is a high possibility that this will not go down well with some people because of the feeling of being made fools. Take a situation of where person A is rushing to some commitment only to be stopped by person B seeking assistance; A realizes later that the time spent assisting B was actually used for marketing purpose. A will definitely feel fooled, his time wasted and consequently he/she may end up having a low self-esteem. Maybe the time spent was just some few minutes – well the minutes were his/hers and they were robbed from him/her by deceptive means and that makes stealth marketing as used in the above case study unethical. Short and Long Term Effects No research has been carried out to identify the short term effect that this exercise by Sony-Ericson. Chances are that due to the fact that only a few number of persons were inconvenienced then the short effects, if any, must have been minimal. It should be noted that this was an issue which touched on the way marke ting was carried out and did not in any way touch on the value of the products; the marketing process did not misrepresent the properties of Sony-Ericson’s products and therefore any consumer could probably not have an issue with the products. Again it might be hard to discuss the long term effect of the above case but it can be postulated. By the fact that the technique used to carry out marketing involved some elements of deceit then chances are that consumers will start distrusting the company especially when its products are in question. This will likely have a damaging effect on the marketing efforts by the company as it may have to go extra miles to gain the trust of the customers or pass any meaningful message across. Conclusion Sony-Ericsson did engage in marketing its product in a manner that has been viewed to have violated marketing ethics. By not ensuring the agents that were enrolled did not disclose that they were engaged in a marketing campaign for a new releas ed handset, the corporation was acting unethically. The short and long term effects of such have not been very clear but it is almost obvious that such kind of practice erodes the trust that people have in a company and thus there might be a possibility that people may shun marketing which has anything touching on the products of Sony-Ericsson. Works Cited AMA. Ethical Norms and Values for Marketers. American Marketing Association, 2011. Web. Dacko, Scott. The advanced dictionary of marketing: putting theory to use. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print. Kelly, Martin and Craig, Smith. Commercializing Social Interaction: The Ethics of Stealth Marketing. Social Science Research Network electronic library, 2008. Web. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1111976 Weisberg, Alexandria., Pfleiger, Alonna and Friedberg Jake. Undercover Agency. Ethica Publishing, 2008. Web. http://www.ethicapublishing.com/confronting/5CH11.pdf This research paper on Sony-Ericsson’s Marketing Ethics was written and submitted by user Isabella Henderson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.